Fix Laravel 5.5 compatibility issues - view helpers, collections, and auth routes

- Replace {{ url() }} with {{ url('/') }} in all blade templates to fix object-to-string conversion errors
- Update TeamStoreModel::selectTeamStoreGroupByCartKey() to use first() instead of get() for Laravel 5.5 Collections
- Fix TeamStoreController to access object properties directly instead of using array syntax [0]
- Update authentication routes to use Laravel 5.5 method names (showLoginForm, login, logout)
- Update login/register links from /auth/login to /login throughout views (navbar, app, auth pages)
- Verify cart, login, and register pages working with HTTP 200 status

app/Http/Kernel.php

@@ -10,12 +10,31 @@ class Kernel extends HttpKernel {
 	 * @var array
 	 */
 	protected $middleware = [
-		'Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\CheckForMaintenanceMode',
-		'Illuminate\Cookie\Middleware\EncryptCookies',
-		'Illuminate\Cookie\Middleware\AddQueuedCookiesToResponse',
-		'Illuminate\Session\Middleware\StartSession',
-		'Illuminate\View\Middleware\ShareErrorsFromSession',
-		'App\Http\Middleware\VerifyCsrfToken',
+		\Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\CheckForMaintenanceMode::class,
+		\Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\ValidatePostSize::class,
+		\App\Http\Middleware\TrimStrings::class,
+		\Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\ConvertEmptyStringsToNull::class,
+	];
+
+	/**
+	 * The application's route middleware groups.
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $middlewareGroups = [
+		'web' => [
+			\Illuminate\Cookie\Middleware\EncryptCookies::class,
+			\Illuminate\Cookie\Middleware\AddQueuedCookiesToResponse::class,
+			\Illuminate\Session\Middleware\StartSession::class,
+			\Illuminate\View\Middleware\ShareErrorsFromSession::class,
+			\App\Http\Middleware\VerifyCsrfToken::class,
+			\Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\SubstituteBindings::class,
+		],
+
+		'api' => [
+			'throttle:60,1',
+			'bindings',
+		],
 	];
 
 	/**
@@ -24,14 +43,17 @@ class Kernel extends HttpKernel {
 	 * @var array
 	 */
 	protected $routeMiddleware = [
-		'auth' => 'App\Http\Middleware\Authenticate',
-		'auth.basic' => 'Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\AuthenticateWithBasicAuth',
-		'guest' => 'App\Http\Middleware\RedirectIfAuthenticated',
-		'teamstoresession' => 'App\Http\Middleware\CheckTeamStorePassword',
-		'admin' => '\App\Http\Middleware\IsAdmin',
-		'normaluser' => '\App\Http\Middleware\IsUser',
-		'isAuthorized' => '\App\Http\Middleware\isAuthorized',
-		'cors' => 'App\Http\Middleware\Cors',
+		'auth' => \App\Http\Middleware\Authenticate::class,
+		'auth.basic' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\AuthenticateWithBasicAuth::class,
+		'bindings' => \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\SubstituteBindings::class,
+		'can' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\Authorize::class,
+		'guest' => \App\Http\Middleware\RedirectIfAuthenticated::class,
+		'throttle' => \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\ThrottleRequests::class,
+		'teamstoresession' => \App\Http\Middleware\CheckTeamStorePassword::class,
+		'admin' => \App\Http\Middleware\IsAdmin::class,
+		'normaluser' => \App\Http\Middleware\IsUser::class,
+		'isAuthorized' => \App\Http\Middleware\isAuthorized::class,
+		'cors' => \App\Http\Middleware\Cors::class,
 	];
 
 }